In a recent study involving 198 infants, **52%** of whom were exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), researchers found that infants exposed to GDM had higher **fat mass (FM), percent body fat, and BMI at birth compared to unexposed infants.**
 
However, over the **first year**, a larger proportion of GDM-exposed infants showed slower fat mass and body fat gain. 

Specifically, GDM exposure was linked to a **69%** lower likelihood of infants reaching the highest fat mass trajectory (4 kg of FM by 1 year). 

No significant associations were found between GDM exposure and fat-free mass (FFM) or weight/BMI-for-age trajectories. 

*These results suggest that while GDM exposure leads to increased adiposity at birth, the pattern of fat accumulation during infancy diverges from that of unexposed infants, challenging current assumptions about neonatal body composition. Further research is needed to assess the long-term impacts of these early growth trajectories.*
                                                                                                                                                                                                         Source: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition [Read full story](https://ajcn.nutrition.org/article/S0002-9165(24)00861-X/abstract)

Gestational Diabetes in Pregnancy Doesn't Raise Obesity Risk in Infants, Study Reveals

The hospitals in Delhi-NCR indicate a **three-fold increase** in patients with respiratory ailments linked to severe air pollution. 

-On **November 19, 2024, the Air Quality Index (AQI) reached 500**, the maximum possible level, equating to smoking **20-25 cigarettes a day**. 
-This spike in pollution is causing a surge in respiratory complaints such as cough, throat irritation, and viral fever-like symptoms. 
-Both elderly and children, as well as previously healthy young individuals, are visiting emergency rooms. 
-Many patients with pre-existing conditions like asthma and bronchitis have required hospitalization. 
-Doctors reported handling over **150 respiratory patients in a single day**, a rare occurrence.
-Air pollution is worsening chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, and those at higher risk include children, pregnant women, the elderly, and workers exposed to the outdoors. 

*The situation highlights the growing public health challenge posed by hazardous air quality.*
                                                                                                                                                                                                         Source: Mint [Read full story](https://www.livemint.com/news/india/delhi-ncr-opd-patients-respiratory-ailments-air-pollution-aqi-11732025224594.html)

Delhi-NCR Faces Air Pollution Crisis: Three-Fold Surge in Respiratory Patients!

The World Health Organization (WHO) has granted Emergency Use Listing (EUL) for the **LC16m8 mpox vaccine**, marking it as the **second approved vaccine** for mpox following the Director-General’s declaration of an mpox public health emergency in August 2024. 

This decision aims to enhance access to vaccines in countries facing rising mpox cases, including **80 countries** globally, with the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) being the hardest-hit, reporting over **39,000 suspected cases and 1,000 deaths**. 

Japan will donate **3.05 million** doses of the vaccine to DRC. LC16m8 is recommended for individuals over **one year** of age and is administered using a bifurcated needle. 

WHO’s approval comes after assessments of safety and efficacy, especially in high-risk groups, though it is not recommended for use in pregnant individuals or the immunocompromised. This move strengthens global efforts to control the ongoing mpox outbreak.
                                                                                                                                                                                                         Source: WHO [Read full story](https://www.who.int/news/item/19-11-2024-who-adds-lc16m8-mpox-vaccine-to-emergency-use-listing)

WHO Greenlights LC16m8 Mpox Vaccine to Fight Against the Global Outbreak

The **Indian Medical Association (IMA)** has launched the **Commonwealth Alliance of Medical Professionals on Antimicrobial Resistance (CAMP-AMR)** to combat the growing threat of **antimicrobial resistance (AMR)**. 

This initiative aims to address the global health crisis exacerbated by India’s high rates of antibiotic-resistant infections, which contributed to **297,000 direct deaths** and **over a million associated deaths** in 2019 alone. 

IMA Chairman, emphasized the urgency of tackling AMR, warning that resistant infections could soon become untreatable, risking widespread disease and mortality. 

The alliance unites Commonwealth leaders to eliminate over-the-counter antibiotic sales and raise awareness about their responsible use. IMA National President, called for stronger policies and interventions. 

Through **CAMP-AMR**, IMA aims to foster global collaboration to create long-term solutions and ensure accessible, effective healthcare for future generations. 

This launch coincides with **World AMR Awareness Week (18-24 November)**, a global campaign promoting best practices to prevent drug-resistant infections.
                                                                                                                                                                                                         Source: Express Healthcare [Read full story](https://www.expresshealthcare.in/news/indian-medical-association-launches-commonwealth-alliance-to-combat-amr/446960/)

IMA Launches Commonwealth Alliance to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) 

**Metformin** and **glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA)** significantly reduce the risk of asthma attacks in patients with both asthma and Type 2 diabetes.

In a large cohort study using data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink, metformin was associated with a **30%** reduction in asthma attacks. Adding GLP-1RA further reduced the risk by an additional **40%**. 

These findings were consistent regardless of factors like glycemic control, body mass index (BMI), or asthma severity. 

The study utilized two analytical approaches: a self-controlled case series and a cohort study, with both showing similar results. The study found no significant bias in the analyses, and the protective effect of these medications was observed across different asthma phenotypes. 

*These findings suggest that metformin and GLP-1RA may benefit asthma control in patients with Type 2 diabetes through mechanisms beyond just improving glycemic control or reducing weight.*
                                                                                                                                                                                                         Source: JAMA Internal Medicine [Read full story](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/2826086)

New Study Shows Diabetes Medications Can Reduce Asthma Attacks

A recent study examining sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) in people with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) reveal significant associations with clinical factors and medications. 

The study found that **low fasting glucose, heart failure, and the use of certain medications, including antihypertensives, glucose-lowering drugs, and QTc-prolonging medications (such as prokinetics, antibiotics, and antipsychotics)**, are linked to an increased risk of SCA. 

Specifically, patients using QTc-prolonging antibiotics and antipsychotics had a higher risk of SCA, particularly if they did not have pre-existing cardiovascular disease (CVD). 

The study analyzed data from **689** SCA patients and **3,230** controls, collected from GPs’ electronic health records. 

Multivariable models indicated that medications like insulin, oral glucose-lowering drugs, and certain heart failure treatments contributed to elevated SCA risk. 

*These findings highlight the importance of closely monitoring clinical factors and medication use in managing SCA risk in T2D patients, especially those without CVD.*
                                                                                                                                                                                                         Source: Diabetes Care [Read full story](https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article-abstract/doi/10.2337/dc24-0715/157476/Associations-of-Clinical-Characteristics-With?redirectedFrom=fulltext)

Sudden Cardiac Arrest in Type 2 Diabetes: Uncovering Key Risk Factors

**AIIMS Bhubaneswar** achieved a remarkable medical milestone by saving the life of a **24-year-old Army jawan** using an advanced **Extracorporeal Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (eCPR) procedure**, even after his heart had stopped for **1.5 hours**. 

This pioneering initiative in Odisha highlights the cutting-edge integration of medical science and technology. 

The patient was referred to AIIMS Bhubaneswar in critical condition, suffering from heart failure, and after undergoing 40 minutes of conventional CPR without success, a decision was made to attempt eCPR. 

The team of doctors began the procedure **80 minutes** after cardiac arrest, and after **40 minutes** of ECMO support, the patient’s heart resumed beating. Over the next **30 hours**, the patient’s heart function improved, and he was weaned off ECMO after **96 hours**. 

*The success is a testament to the expertise and dedication of the multidisciplinary team, and the survivor’s family expressed profound gratitude. This breakthrough is a significant achievement in Odisha's medical history, opening doors for future advancements in life-saving cardiac care.*
                                                                                                                                                                                                         Source: ANI News [Read full story](https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/heart-beats-after-120-minutes-following-ecpr-procedure-first-of-its-kind-in-aiims-bhubaneswar20241119005321/#:~:text=Bhubaneswar%20(Odisha)%20%5BIndia%5D,Pulmonary%20Resuscitation%20(eCPR)%20procedure)

AIIMS Bhubaneswar Revives 24-Year-Old Soldier with eCPR, Even After 1.5 Hours of Cardiac Arrest

A recent study conducted between **2022** and **2024** in India explored the effectiveness of single combination pills for managing high blood pressure. 

Involving **1,981** adults aged **30 to 79**, the study aimed to simplify hypertension treatment through a polypill approach. 

Participants, **55%** of whom were already on blood pressure medications, were randomly assigned to receive one of three combination pills, including amlodipine, perindopril, or indapamide. 

The study excluded patients with cardiovascular or kidney diseases. Over six months, blood pressure was monitored to assess the impact of these medications. 

Preliminary findings suggest that combining multiple medications into a single pill may offer a practical solution to improve adherence and manage hypertension. 

*The research, presented at the American Heart Association’s meeting, remains in its early stages, awaiting further peer-reviewed publication.*
                                                                                                                                                                                                         Source: America College of Cardiology [Read full story](https://www.acc.org/Latest-in-Cardiology/Clinical-Trials/2024/11/15/18/31/topspin)

Study Tests Single Pill for High BP: Could Polypills Simplify Hypertension Treatment?

In a crucial report submitted to the **Supreme Court, the National Task Force (NTF)**, established to ensure the safety of medical professionals, has argued that there is **no need for a separate central law** to address violence against doctors. 

The NTF highlighted that existing state laws, alongside provisions in the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), are sufficient to handle both minor and serious offenses against healthcare workers. 

The report revealed that **24 states** have specific laws in place to protect medical professionals, with major offenses being adequately covered by the BNS. 

The NTF also proposed enhanced security measures in hospitals, such as the deployment of trained personnel, implementation of night-shift safety protocols, and increased use of surveillance cameras to improve the safety of doctors and healthcare staff. 

The Supreme Court's intervention follows the shocking rape and murder of a doctor in Kolkata, which spurred the formation of the NTF to address the escalating issue of violence in healthcare settings.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Source: The Tribute [Read full story](https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/india/no-separate-law-required-for-violence-against-docs-sc-told/)

Supreme Court Task Force Says Separate Law for Violence Against Doctors Not Necessary

A recent study showed that **intensive blood pressure** treatment targeting a systolic BP of less than **120 mm Hg** significantly reduced the incidence of major cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes. 

-The trial enrolled **12,821 patients** aged 50 years and older with elevated systolic BP and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. 
-Participants were randomly assigned to receive **intensive treatment** targeting a systolic BP of **<120 mm Hg** or **standard treatment** targeting <140 mm Hg.
-After a **median follow-up of 4.2 years**, the **intensive-treatment group** experienced significantly fewer major cardiovascular events (e.g., nonfatal stroke, myocardial infarction) compared to the standard-treatment group (1.65 vs. 2.09 events per 100 person-years, hazard ratio 0.79). 
-While the incidence of **serious adverse events** was similar between the groups, **symptomatic hypotension** and **hyperkalemia** were more frequent in the intensive-treatment group.
*This study supports more aggressive BP control to reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes.*
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Source: N Engl J Med. [Read full story](https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2412006?rss=searchAndBrowse)